Current Status and Advancement in Thermal and Membrane-Based Hybrid Seawater Desalination Technologies

Emerging hybrid technologies have better potential than conventional technology for diversifying the desalination industry, which is presently being dominated by thermal and membrane-based desalination. Notwithstanding technological maturity of processes, they remain highly energy-intensive processes certain disadvantages. Therefore, hybridization membrane holds great attention to mitigate limitations individual in terms energy consumption, quality quantity potable water, overall efficiency productivity. This paper provides an oversight developing technologies, emphasizing their existing state subsequent reduce water scarcity. Conventional systems (NF-RO-MSF, MED-AD, FO-MED, MSF-MED, RO-MED, RO-MSF RO-MD) are briefly discussed. study reveals that integration solar with has a substantially greenhouse emissions besides providing and/or cost-effective ways. Due its abundant availability minimal/no carbon footprint ability generate both electrical energy, considered other renewable technologies. The findings further suggest technically sound environmentally suitable; however, significant research process development still required make this efficient economically viable.